Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 9 de 9
Filter
1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 63(6): 608-617, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055027

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The somatotropic axis is the main hormonal regulator of growth. Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are the key components of the somatotropic axis. This axis has been studied for a long time and the knowledge of how some molecules could promote or impair hormones production and action has been growing over the last decade. The enhancement of large-scale sequencing techniques has expanded the spectrum of known genes and several other candidate genes that could affect the GH-IGF1-bone pathway. To date, defects in more than forty genes were associated with an impairment of the somatotropic axis. These defects can affect from the secretion of GH to the bioavailability and action of IGF-1. Affected patients present a large heterogeneous group of conditions associated with growth retardation. In this review, we focus on the description of the GH-IGF axis genetic defects reported in the last decade. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(6):608-17


Subject(s)
Humans , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Human Growth Hormone/genetics , Growth Disorders/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Phenotype , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Genotype , Growth Disorders/metabolism
2.
Clinics ; 67(1): 11-18, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610618

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein E4 may benefit children during early periods of life when the body is challenged by infection and nutritional decline. We examined whether apolipoprotein E4 affects intestinal barrier function, improving short-term growth and long-term cognitive outcomes in Brazilian shantytown children. METHODS: A total of 213 Brazilian shantytown children with below-median height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) received 200,000 IU of retinol (every four months), zinc (40 mg twice weekly), or both for one year, with half of each group receiving glutamine supplementation for 10 days. Height-for-age z-scores, weight-for-age z-scores, weight-forheight z-scores, and lactulose:mannitol ratios were assessed during the initial four months of treatment. An average of four years (range 1.4-6.6) later, the children underwent cognitive testing to evaluate non-verbal intelligence, coding, verbal fluency, verbal learning, and delayed verbal learning. Apolipoprotein E4 carriage was determined by PCR analysis for 144 children. RESULTS: Thirty-seven children were apolipoprotein E4(+), with an allele frequency of 13.9 percent. Significant associations were found for vitamin A and glutamine with intestinal barrier function. Apolipoprotein E4(+) children receiving glutamine presented significant positive Pearson correlations between the change in height-for-age z-scores over four months and delayed verbal learning, along with correlated changes over the same period in weight-for-age z-scores and weight-for-height z-scores associated with non-verbal intelligence quotients. There was a significant correlation between vitamin A supplementation of apolipoprotein E4(+) children and improved delta lactulose/mannitol. Apolipoprotein E4(-) children, regardless of intervention, exhibited negative Pearson correlations between the change in lactulose-to-mannitol ratio over four months and verbal learning and non-verbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: During development, apolipoprotein E4 may function concomitantly with gut-tropic nutrients to benefit immediate nutritional status, which can translate into better long-term cognitive outcomes.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , /genetics , Cognition/drug effects , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Growth Disorders/genetics , Malnutrition/drug therapy , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , /drug effects , Brazil , Diarrhea/metabolism , Diarrhea/psychology , Gene Frequency/drug effects , Gene Frequency/genetics , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Intestinal Absorption/genetics , Lactulose , Malnutrition/metabolism , Malnutrition/psychology , Mannitol , Poverty Areas , Prospective Studies , Permeability/drug effects , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Zinc/administration & dosage
3.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 37(4): 46-52, set.-dez. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512809

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A puberdade precoce central ocorre principalmente devido a ativação precoce do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-gonadal e conseqüentemente ao aumento do hormônios gonadotróficos. A prematura ativação desse eixo não envolve apenas mudanças físicas precoces da puberdade, mas também aceleração do crescimento linear e aceleração da maturação óssea, que leva a fusão das epífises ósseas de maneira prematura e à diminuição da altura final. Objetivo: Identificar a altura final de pacientes que apresentaram Puberdade Precoce Central atendidos no Serviço de Endocrinologia Pediátrica do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão. Métodos: Foram avaliados os registros de pacientes que haviam atingido a AF no período de 1997-2007. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, idade cronológica, idade óssea, idade ao diagnóstico, idade ao atingir a altura final, tempo de tratamento até altura final, tempo de acompanhamento até a altura final, tratamento utilizado, altura no início e término do tratamento, altura predita pelo método de Bayley – Pinneau, altura-alvo e altura final ( transformada em escore z). Resultados: Foram incluídos 56 pacientes, 96,4 % do sexo feminino e 90,75 % dos pacientes apresentavam PPC idiopática. Os pacientes masculinos foram tratados com análogo do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas por 2,7 anos em média, enquanto que as pacientes femininas foram tratadas durante 3,1 anos. A altura final foi alcançada aos 15,1 anos nos meninos e 14,2 anos nas meninas.Conclusões: A média de altura final foi 171,25 cm no sexo masculino e 160,77 cm no sexo feminino. O escore-z de AF foi de -0,55 desvios padrão da média nos meninos e 0,04 desvios padrão da média nas meninas. A diferença entre altura final e altura alvo foi de -5,25 cm nos meninos e 2,4 cm nas meninas.


Background: Central precocious puberty is mainly due to the precocious activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis leading to an increase of gonadotropic hormones. The premature activation of this axis it involves not only early physical changes of puberty, but also linear growth acceleration and acceleration of bone maturation, which leads to early epiphyseal fusion and short adult height. Objective: To identify final height in central precocious puberty patients treated at Pediatric Endocrinology Service of Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão. Methods: The study evaluated the registration of patients that had reached the final height between 1997-2007. Data included sex, chronological age, bone age, age at diagnosis, age at final height, duration of treatment, duration of accompaniment from the start of treatment to final height, treatment used, height at the start and at the end of treatment, predicted height by Bayley – Pinneau method, target height and final height (these are transformed in z-score). Results: Fifty six patients were involved. 96,4 % were female sex and 90,75 % had idiopathic central precocious puberty. The males were treated with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogue by 2,7 years and females were treated by 3,1 years. Final height was reached at 15,1 years in boys and 14,2 years in girls. Conclusions: Final height average was 171,25 cm in males and 160,77 cm in females. The z-score of final height was -0,55 standard deviation of average in boys and 0,04 standard deviation of average in girls. The difference between final height and target height were -5,25 cm in boys and 2,4 cm in girls.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Height , Growth Disorders , Puberty, Precocious , Receptors, Gonadotropin , Body Height/physiology , Body Height/genetics , Puberty, Precocious/complications , Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis , Puberty, Precocious/enzymology , Puberty, Precocious/metabolism , Receptors, Gonadotropin/physiology , Receptors, Gonadotropin/metabolism , Receptors, Gonadotropin/blood , Growth Disorders/classification , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Growth Disorders/physiopathology , Growth Disorders/metabolism
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(8): 1282-1287, Nov. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-503314

ABSTRACT

SHOX is exclusively expressed in the developing distal limb bones of human embryos and in the first and second pharyngeal arches. It works as a promoter for linear growth and as a repressor of growth plate fusion. It was reported, recently, that SHOX overdosage and gonadal estrogen deficiency have led to tall stature due to continued growth. We report, in the present study, a female patient with 45,X/46,X, psu idic(X)(pter→q21::q21→pter) karyotype, tall stature, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism without Turner stigmas. She did not present breast development even after long term therapy with high estrogen doses. Fluorescence in situ hybridization depicted the presence of three copies of SHOX gene. Microsatellite studies showed paternal origin of der(X). Further studies in similarly affected patients will clarify if the absence of breast development, despite previous high-dose estrogen treatment, is associated to triple copy of SHOX gene.


O gene SHOX é expresso, exclusivamente, no primeiro e no segundo arcos faríngeos, assim como nas extremidades dos ossos dos membros em embriões humanos. SHOX normalmente atua como um promotor para o crescimento linear e como um repressor do fechamento da placa de crescimento. Recentemente, foi descrito que o excesso da proteína SHOX associada à deficiência estrogênica gonadal leva à estatura alta devido ao contínuo crescimento. Neste estudo descrevemos uma paciente do sexo feminino com cariótipo 45,X/46,X,psu idic(X)(pter→q21::q21→pter), estatura alta, hipogonadismo hipergonadotrófico e sem estigmas de Turner. A paciente não apresentou desenvolvimento de mamas, mesmo depois do tratamento prolongado com altas doses de estrógenos. FISH evidenciou a presença de três cópias do SHOX. Estudo de microssatélites demonstrou a origem paterna do der(X). Estudos futuros em pacientes com semelhanças clínicas esclarecerão se a ausência de desenvolvimento de mamas, apesar do tratamento com altas doses de estrógenos, está associada à tripla cópia do SHOX.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Breast/abnormalities , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Hypogonadism/genetics , Body Height/genetics , Breast/growth & development , Breast/metabolism , Gene Dosage/genetics , Hypogonadism/drug therapy , Karyotyping , Sex Characteristics
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(5): 745-749, jul. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491840

ABSTRACT

Este artigo descreve as conseqüências puras, em longo prazo, da deficiência isolada e vitalícia do hormônio de crescimento (GH) porque usa um modelo único de resistência ao hormônio liberador do GH (GHRH), em virtude da mutação homozigótica no gene do receptor do GHRH, em uma centena de indivíduos acometidos. Elas incluem baixa estatura grave com estatura final entre -9,6 a -5,2 desvios-padrão abaixo da média, com redução proporcional das dimensões ósseas, redução do volume da adenohipófise corrigido para o volume craniano e da tireóide, do útero, do baço e da massa ventricular esquerda, todos corrigidos para a superfície corporal, em contraste com o tamanho de pâncreas e fígado, maior que o de controles, quando igualmente corrigidos. As alterações características da composição corporal incluem redução acentuada da quantidade de massa magra (kg) e aumento do percentual de gordura com depósito predominante no abdome. Nos aspectos metabólicos são encontrados aumento de colesterol total e LDL, redução de insulina e do índice de resistência à insulina homeostasis model assessment, acompanhados de aumento da proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade e da elevação da pressão arterial sistólica nos adultos, embora sem evidências de aterosclerose precoce. Outros achados incluem resistência óssea menor, embora acima do limiar de fraturas, puberdade atrasada, fertilidade normal, paridade diminuída, climatério antecipado e qualidade de vida normal.


This article describes the long time consequences of the isolated and lifetime growth hormone (GH) deficiency using a single model of GH releasing hormone resistance (GHRH) due to a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene, in a hundred of subjects. These consequences include severe short stature with final height between -9.6 and -5.2 standard deviations below of the mean, with proportional reductions of the bone dimensions; reduction of the anterior pituitary corrected to cranial volume and the thyroid, the uterus, the spleen and left ventricular mass volume, all corrected to body surface, in contrast of pancreas and liver size, bigger than in controls, when equally corrected. Body composition features included marked reduction in the amount of fat free mass (kg) and increase of fat mass percentage, with predominant abdominal deposit. In the metabolic aspects, we find increase in the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol; reduction of the insulin and the insulin resistance assessed by Homeostasis model assessment; increase of ultra sensitive C reactive protein and systolic body pressure in adults, although without evidences of premature atherosclerosis. Other findings include smaller bone resistance, although above of the threshold of fractures, delayed puberty, normal fertility, small parity, anticipated climacteric and normal quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Growth Disorders/genetics , Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Body Composition , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Growth Disorders/drug therapy , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Human Growth Hormone/metabolism , Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Lipid Metabolism , Mutation , Time Factors
6.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 43(4): 305-309, out.-dez. 2006. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445635

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUD: Chronic liver diseases in childhood often cause undernutrition and growth failure. To our knowledge, growth parameters in infants with neonatal cholestasis are not available AIM: To evaluate the nutritional status and growth pattern in infants with intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic cholestasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-four patients with neonatal cholestasis were followed up at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Service of the Teaching Hospital, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil, in a 23-year period, from 1980 to 2003. The records of these patients were reviewed and patients were classified into two groups, according to their anatomical diagnosis: patients with intrahepatic cholestasis - group 1, and patients with extrahepatic cholestasis - group 2. Records of weight and height measurements were collected at 4 age stages of growth, in the first year of life: 1) from the time of the first medical visit to the age of 4 months (T1); 2) from the 5th to the 7th month (T2); 3) from the 8th to the 10th month (T3); and 4) from the 11th to the 13th month (T4). The weight-by-age and height-by-age Z-scores were calculated for each patient at each stage. In order for the patient to be included in the study it was necessary to have the weight and/or height measurements at the 4 stages. Analyses of variance and Tukey's tests were used for statistical analysis. Repeated measurement analyses of variance of the weight-by-age Z-score were performed in a 60-patient sample, including 29 patients from group 1 and 31 patients from group 2. The height-by-age data of 33 patients were recorded, 15 from group 1 and 18 from group 2 RESULTS: The mean weight-by-age Z-scores of group 1 patients at the 4 age stages were: T1=-1.54; T2=-1.40; T3=-0.94; T4=-0.78. There was a significant difference between T2 X T3 and T1 X T4. The weight-by-age Z-scores for group 2 patients were :T1=-1.04; T2=-1.67; T3=-1.93 and T4=-1.77, with a...


RACIONAL: As doenças hepáticas crônicas na infância freqüentemente levam à desnutrição e ao déficit de crescimento, sem haver referência de um padrão definido para colestase neonatal OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional e o padrão de crescimento em crianças com colestase intra-hepática e colestase extra-hepática MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram revistos os prontuários de 144 pacientes com colestase neonatal atendidos no Serviço de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, durante o período de 1980 a 2003 e de acordo com o diagnóstico anatômico, classificados em dois grupos: grupo 1, pacientes com colestase intra-hepática e grupo 2, com colestase extra-hepática. Os valores de peso e estatura foram obtidos em quatro momentos: 1°) Na primeira consulta realizada até o 4° mês de vida, 2°) entre o 5° e o 7° mês, 3°) entre o 8° e o 10° mês e 4°) entre o 11° e 13° mês. Para cada paciente foi realizado o cálculo do Z-escore em relação ao peso para a idade e estatura para a idade nos momentos 1 a 4. Para o paciente ser incluído no estudo, era necessário ter as medidas de peso e/ou estatura nos quatro estágios. A estatística empregada foi a análise de variância e o teste de Tukey. Para análise de variância com medidas repetidas quanto ao escore-Z de peso para a idade, a amostra utilizada foi de 60 pacientes, sendo 29 do grupo 1 e 31 do grupo 2. Para estatura, a amostra utilizada foi de 33 pacientes, sendo 15 do grupo 1 e 18 do grupo 2. RESULTADOS: As médias dos escores-Z de peso para a idade nos quatro momentos da avaliação para os pacientes do grupo 1 foram: T1 =-1.54; T2 = -1.40; T3 = -0,94; T4 = -0.78, havendo diferença significante entre T2×T3 e entre T1×T4. Para os pacientes do grupo 2 foram: T1 = -1.04; T2 = -1.67; T3 =-1.93 e T4 = -1.77, havendo diferença significante entre T1×T2 e T1×T4. Houve também diferença significante entre as médias dos escores-Z de peso para a idade entre o grupo...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Body Size/physiology , Child Development/physiology , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/physiopathology , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/physiopathology , Growth Disorders/physiopathology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Body Height/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/metabolism , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/metabolism , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Jaundice, Neonatal/physiopathology , Malnutrition/metabolism , Malnutrition/physiopathology , Triglycerides/pharmacokinetics
7.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 56(12): 654-8, dic. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266520

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En los pacientes con deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento (HC), se ha utilizado como estándar de oro el valor máximo obtenido de HC durante una curva de doble estímulo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación existente entre el factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina (IGF-1) y los diversos criterios auxológicos y bioquímicos que determinan el diagnóstico de deficiencia de HC. Material y métodos. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de 57 pacientes que presentaban talla baja en los que había sospecha de deficiencia de HC, seguidos por más de 6 meses en su velocidad de crecimiento y a los que se les había practicado curvas de doble estímulo de HC con L-dopa y de hipoglucemia inducida por insulina y que además contaban con determinaciones de IGF-1. Resultados. A 40.3 por ciento de la población se les diagnosticó deficiencia de HC con base a criterios auxológicos y niveles de HC inferiores a 10 ng/mL durante la curva de estímulo, en estos pacientes, la correlación entre niveles máximos de HC e IGF-1 fue de r=0.027. En 19.3 por ciento de la población se descartó deficiencia de HC y la correlación entre IGF-1 y HC fue de r=0.069. Sin embargo al comparar los promedios de IGF-1 entre los pacientes que tenían HC de más de 10 ng/mL y aquellos que tenían menos de 10 ng/mL se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa con p menos de 0.001 (128 vs 58.2 ng/mL). Cuando se consideraron niveles de IGF-1 menores a 100 ng/mL la sensibilidad para la detección de déficit de HC fue de 85 por ciento pero la especificidad fue de 50 por ciento. Conclusiones. Se encontró baja correlación entre los valores de IGF-1 y los niveles máximos de HC o área bajo la curva de estimulación. Por otra parte niveles de IGF-1 menores a 100 ng/mL es un parámetro altamente sensible pero moderadamente específico para detectar deficiencia de HC


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Growth Disorders/metabolism , Growth Hormone/deficiency , Hypoglycemia , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Levodopa , Sensitivity and Specificity
9.
Pediatria (Säo Paulo) ; 11/12: 30-4, 1990. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-106019

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam dois casos de baixa estatura (BE) do tipo sindrome de Laron em criancas brasileiras e em cujas arvores genealogicas aparecem apenas brasileiros, portugueses e italianos, diferentemente da casuistica do Prof. Laron onde os pacientes sao oriundos do oriente medio. Sao comentados dados relacionados com a evolucao dos valores de hGH (hormonio de crescimento humano) e SmC (somatomedina C) ou IGF-I ("insulin like growth factor"). Em 1966, Laron descreveu um quadro clinico de baixa estatura (BE) grave praticamente superponivel aos aspectos clinicos e metabolicos da deficiencia hipofisaria de hGH porem contrapondo-se a esta por apresentar os niveis basais de hGH muito elevados. Posteriormente, verificou-se que na BE do tipo Laron, alem dos niveis elevados de hGH, sao registrados valores muito baixos de SmC ou IGF-I. A diminuicao da producao de IGF-I seria uma consequencia da falta de receptores celulares de hGH. O receptor de hGH consiste numa sequencia de 620 aminoacidos ancorada a membrana da celula atraves da regiao compreendida pelos aminoacidos 247-72. A porcao extracelular e conhecida como "proteina ligadora do hHG". Quando o hGH se liga a esta "proteina" sucede-se uma serie de reacoes dentro da celula e cuja consequencia principal e a resposta de crescimento....


Subject(s)
Dwarfism/metabolism , Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/analysis , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis , Growth Disorders/metabolism
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL